面向装配节点平衡的产品生产物流协调优化研究

在由多个并行零件生产线和装配线组成的产品生产物流中, 各生产线的瓶颈工序制约了装配节点及其整个生产物流的平衡. 为此, 基于约束理论和JIT(Just In Time)思想, 提出主、次瓶颈的概念及其判别方法和主瓶颈拉动次瓶颈、瓶颈前后拉动生产与平行顺序移动生产相结合的生产策略, 研究了基于负荷率的瓶颈工序负荷控制方法和主瓶颈触发次瓶颈拉式生产的时间控制方法, 使瓶颈工序利用率最大化, 各个零件到达装配节点的同步性得到改善. 算例的SIMIO仿真结果表明, 装配节点的在制品存量大幅度减少, 利用率提高.     

Monochromatic k-edge-connection colorings of graphs

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$ is called monochromatic if any two edges on the path have the same color. For $k\ge 2$, an edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be monochromatic $k$-edge-connected if every two distinct vertices of $G$ are connected by at least $k$ edge-disjoint monochromatic paths, and $G$ is said to be uniformly monochromatic $k$-edge-connected if every two distinct vertices are connected by at least $k$ edge-disjoint monochromatic paths such that all edges of these $k$ paths are colored with a same color. We use $m{c}_k\left(G\right)$ and $um{c}_k\left(G\right)$ to denote the maximum number of colors that ensures $G$ to be monochromatic $k$-edge-connected and, respectively, $G$ to be uniformly monochromatic $k$-edge-connected. In this paper, we first conjecture that for any $k$-edge-connected graph $G$, $m{c}_k\left(G\right)=e\left(G\right)-e\left(H\right)+\lfloor \frac{k}{2}\rfloor$, where $H$ is a minimum $k$-edge-connected spanning subgraph of $G$. We verify the conjecture for $k=2$. We also prove the conjecture for $G=K_{k+1}$ and $G=K_{k,n}$ with $n\ge k\ge 3$. When $G$ is a minimal $k$-edge-connected graph, we give an upper bound of $m{c}_k\left(G\right)$, i.e., $m{c}_k\left(G\right)\le k-1$. For the uniformly monochromatic $k$-edge-connectivity, we prove that for all $k$, $um{c}_k\left(G\right)=e\left(G\right)-e\left(H\right)+1$, where $H$ is a minimum $k$-edge-connected spanning subgraph of $G$.     

群集建筑中大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载特性的数值模拟研究

以苏州太平金融大厦为工程背景,针对其大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载作用,首先采用RNG k-ε模型模拟分析了其平均风压分布规律,以及风向变化对屋盖表面风荷载体型系数的影响;其次,引入干扰因子IF,探讨了周边建筑对大跨裙摆屋盖风荷载的气动干扰作用。结果表明:0°风向下,走廊上方屋盖两侧区域出现“上吸下顶”的叠加作用;90°风向下屋盖北侧飘带末端区域受到狭道风效应出现正压集中现象;风向变化对大跨裙摆屋盖的风荷载体型系数分布影响较大;且周围建筑物对大跨裙摆屋盖的气动干扰效应明显,主要表现为风压“遮挡效应”,而局部区域表现为风压“放大效应”。     

Two-dimensional magneto-thermoelastic interactions in a micropolar functionally graded solid

Abstract

The present work is concerned with the 2D deformation in a nonhomogeneous, isotropic, micropolar, magneto-thermoelastic medium in the context of Lord-Shulman theory as a result of an inclined load. The inclined load is supposed to be a linear combination of normal load and tangential load. Material properties are assumed to be graded in x-direction. Normal mode technique is proposed to obtain the analytical expressions for the temperature field, displacement components, and stresses. These are also calculated numerically and depicted graphically to observe the variations of the considered physical variables.

Communicated by Seonho Cho.     

Calculus of variations as a basic tool for modelling of reaction paths and localisation of stationary points on potential energy surfaces

ABSTRACT

The theory of calculus of variations is a mathematical tool which is widely used in different scientific areas in particular in physics and chemistry. This theory is strongly related with optimisation. In fact the former seeks to optimise an integral related with some physical magnitude over some space to an extremum by varying a function of the coordinates. On the other hand, reaction paths and potential energy surfaces, in particular their stationary points, are the basis of many chemical theories, in particular reactions rate theories. We present a review where it is gathered together the variational nature of many types of reaction paths: steepest descent, Newton trajectories, artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) paths, gradient extremals, and gentlest ascent dynamics (GAD) curves. The variational basis permits to select the best optimisation technique in order to locate important theoretical objects on a potential energy surface.     

The Application of Fractal Transform and Entropy for Improving Fault Tolerance and Load Balancing in Grid Computing Environments

This paper applies the entropy-based fractal indexing scheme that enables the grid environment for fast indexing and querying. It addresses the issue of fault tolerance and load balancing-based fractal management to make computational grids more effective and reliable. A fractal dimension of a cloud of points gives an estimate of the intrinsic dimensionality of the data in that space. The main drawback of this technique is the long computing time. The main contribution of the suggested work is to investigate the effect of fractal transform by adding R-tree index structure-based entropy to existing grid computing models to obtain a balanced infrastructure with minimal fault. In this regard, the presented work is going to extend the commonly scheduling algorithms that are built based on the physical grid structure to a reduced logical network. The objective of this logical network is to reduce the searching in the grid paths according to arrival time rate and path’s bandwidth with respect to load balance and fault tolerance, respectively. Furthermore, an optimization searching technique is utilized to enhance the grid performance by investigating the optimum number of nodes extracted from the logical grid. The experimental results indicated that the proposed model has better execution time, throughput, makespan, latency, load balancing, and success rate.     

Local inverse inelastic mean free path at interface

We calculated a local inverse inelastic mean free path (local-IIMFP) for electrons crossing a medium–medium interface, considering various incident electron energies, crossing angles and combinations of materials. We used an extension of a classical dielectric model developed by Li and co-workers for an electron crossing a surface (interface vacuum-medium). Moreover, the integration over the distance of the local-IIMFP allows to obtain the interface excitation parameter (or IEP) characterizing the change in excitation probability for an electron crossing an interface once caused by the presence of the interface in comparison with an electron for which only volume excitations are considered. We perform these calculations for angles between 0° and 80°, for electron energies between 500 and 2500 eV and for various pairs of materials, as Al/In for its academic interest or Au/Si and SiO₂/Si for their technological importance. Small but not negligible variations of the local-IIMFP and the IEP were observed for metal–metal or metal–semiconductor interfaces, while quite significant variations are obtained when one of the materials is a insulator.     

Symmetry calculation for molecules and transition states

The symmetry of molecules and transition states of elementary reactions is an essential property with important implications for computational chemistry. The automated identification of symmetry by computers is a very useful tool for many applications, but often relies on the availability of three‐dimensional coordinates of the atoms in the molecule and hence becomes less useful when these coordinates are a priori unavailable. This article presents a new algorithm that identifies symmetry of molecules and transition states based on an augmented graph representation of the corresponding structures, in which both topology and the presence of stereocenters are accounted for. The automorphism group order of the graph associated with the molecule or transition state is used as a starting point. A novel concept of label‐stereoisomers, that is, stereoisomers that arise after labeling homomorph substituents in the original molecule so that they become distinguishable, is introduced and used to obtain the symmetry number. The algorithm is characterized by its generic nature and avoids the use of heuristic rules that would limit the applicability. The calculated symmetry numbers are in agreement with expected values for a large and diverse set of structures, ranging from asymmetric, small molecules such as fluorochlorobromomethane to highly symmetric structures found in drug discovery assays. The new algorithm opens up new possibilities for the fast screening of the degree of symmetry of large sets of molecules. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

计算化学在正丁醚制备实验教学中的应用*

正丁醚的制备是重要的大学有机化学实验,为提高学生对该实验所涉及的反应机理和关键操作要点的深入了解,采用Gaussian计算软件对正丁醇在酸催化下和无催化剂下的反应体系进行了研究,重点考察了酸催化下反应的主、副反应方向的反应机理。结果表明无催化剂下,正丁醇在常压液相下几乎不能发生反应;在酸催化下,正丁醇发生取代反应生成醚的反应路径是优势反应通道;酸催化下正丁醇的取代和消除反应速率常数均随温度增加而迅速增大,但消除反应的反应速率随温度增加更快,温度超过420 K消除反应将变得很明显,综合考虑,制备正丁醚的反应温度应控制在130~140 ℃之间较为合适。利用计算化学以图、表和动图等形式直观、动态、量化地解释了正丁醇成醚和成烯反应的竞争,该结果有助于更好地控制该反应体系,可用作实验教材的补充内容。